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The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling

• Allworthy finds a foundling asleep in his own bed. He comes home after three months in London, kneels for his nightly prayers as always, then opens the bedclothes and finds "an infant, wrapt up in some coarse linen, in a sweet and profound sleep, between his sheets." He keeps the boy on the spot.
• Fielding announces his method before the plot even starts. Chapter one compares the novel to a public dinner where "men who pay for what they eat will insist on gratifying their palates," and names the single dish he is serving: "Human Nature." He tells critics up front he answers to no jurisdiction but his own.
• A churchyard brawl turns into full mock-epic warfare. When Molly Seagrim is mobbed for appearing pregnant in her Sunday clothes, she grabs a skull off a fresh grave and swings a thigh-bone, flooring a tailor and "old Echepole, the sowgelder," while Fielding narrates it like Homer: "Recount, O Muse, the names of those who fell on this fatal day."
• A false incest scare drives the darkest turn. Partridge, "his face paler than ashes," tells Jones that the woman he slept with at Upton, Mrs Waters, is his own mother. Jones collapses in horror: "incest, with a mother! To what am I reserved!" The claim later proves false.
• The real twist: Tom is Allworthy's own nephew. A lawyer's confession and Mrs Waters's testimony reveal Tom was never a stranger's bastard. Allworthy learns the boy is "the brother of that wicked viper which I have so long nourished in my bosom," meaning Blifil, the heir he trusted, was the actual villain all along.
• The ending audits every character's fate in turn. Western marches Jones and Sophia to Doctors'-Commons to marry the next morning, and Fielding then closes the book with a ledger of outcomes: Black George flees with stolen money, Partridge gets fifty pounds a year and reopens his school, and Blifil is exiled on two hundred a year, "turned Methodist" to chase a rich widow.